Migration from the Palatinate to America (c. 1680s – 1750s)
Migration from the Palatinate brought diverse German settlers to Pennsylvania. Learn how this movement formed the Pennsylvania Dutch.
Continued War and Repeated Destruction (c. 1648 – early 1700s)
Repeated wars and destruction pushed the Palatinate into crisis and migration. Learn how this instability shaped the origins of the PA Dutch.
The Thirty Years’ War and Destruction of the Palatinate (c. 1600 – 1648)
The Thirty Years’ War devastated the Palatinate and reshaped its future. Learn how this destruction influenced the roots of the PA Dutch.
The Peace of Augsburg and Rise of Calvinism (c. 1555 – 1600 CE)
The Peace of Augsburg and rise of Calvinism reshaped religion in the Palatinate. Learn how this divided landscape influenced the region.
Martin Luther: The Seeds of Reformation (c. 1505 – 1550s)
Martin Luther’s Reformation reshaped religion across the German lands. Learn how these changes shaped the roots of the PA Dutch.
The Wittelsbach Palatinate (c. 1214 – 1450 CE)
Wittelsbach rule made the Palatinate a powerful electorate at the heart of the empire. Learn how this era shaped the roots of the PA Dutch.
From Hohenstaufen to Wittelsbach: Dynasties of the Palatinate (c. 1125 – 1214 CE)
Rival dynasties turned the Palatinate into a powerful hereditary state in the empire. Learn how this shift shaped the roots of the PA Dutch.
From Otto to the Salians (c. 962 – 1214 CE)
Holy Roman rule along the Rhine shaped the Palatinate’s identity and regional power. Learn how this formed the roots of the PA Dutch.
East Francia and the Rise of The Holy Roman Empire (c. 900 CE – 962 CE)
East Francia and the Holy Roman Empire anchored the Palatinate in a German political world. Learn how this shaped the roots of the PA Dutch.
The Fall of Middle Francia (c. 843 CE – 950 CE)
The fall of Middle Francia tied the Palatinate to East Francia’s German sphere. Learn how this shaped the roots of the Pennsylvania Dutch.